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天天看熱訊：容器指南之自定義LNMP容器鏡像

2022-12-08 10:10:58 來(lái)源：51CTO博客

1.簡(jiǎn)介

在Linux 環(huán)境中最常用的組件應(yīng)該屬于 LNMP 組合（Linux + Nginx + Mysql +PHP），當(dāng)然，隨著Go、Rust語(yǔ)言的普及，生產(chǎn)環(huán)境有更多的組合配置。但是 Nginx 的Web端和MySQL 的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)端還是主力配置。

(資料圖)

受 Nginx、MySQL 和 PHP 多版本和多配置文件的影響，在生產(chǎn)或測(cè)試環(huán)境要保持各組件版本和對(duì)應(yīng)的配置文件（特別是安全配置）統(tǒng)一需要花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間和成本。

使用容器技術(shù)定制適合自己環(huán)境的組件鏡像，需要使用的時(shí)候無(wú)需復(fù)雜和長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的配置調(diào)整就能在1分鐘以內(nèi)提供標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的經(jīng)過驗(yàn)證的LNMP 環(huán)境。

Nginx 配置指南 ????https://blog.51cto.com/waringid/1438852??

容器指南之第一個(gè)容器 ??https://blog.51cto.com/waringid/5904849??

容器指南之容器架構(gòu)及常用指令 ??https://blog.51cto.com/waringid/5913145??

容器指南之日常運(yùn)維??https://blog.51cto.com/waringid/5914178??

Docker For Windows 安裝配置及常用維護(hù)??https://blog.51cto.com/waringid/5917666??

2.LNMP 環(huán)境介紹

1、基于 PHP7.4.28 版本，添加 PHP-GD 擴(kuò)展

2、Nginx 配置最新版本

3、Mysql 使用 Mariadb10版本

2.1.自定義 php 環(huán)境

sudo mkdir /opt/phpsudo chown docker /opt/phpcat > /opt/php/Dockfile << EOFFROM php:7.4.28-fpm-alpine3.15RUN set -x \ && echo "http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/alpine/latest-stable/main/" > /etc/apk/repositories \ && echo "http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/alpine/latest-stable/community/" >> /etc/apk/repositories \ && apk update \ && apk add --no-cache tzdata \ && cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime \ && echo "Asia/Shanghai" > /etc/timezone \ && apk del tzdata \ && apk add --no-cache graphviz zlib-dev libpng-dev libxml2-dev zip libzip-dev \ && docker-php-ext-configure zip \ && docker-php-ext-install gd pdo_mysql soap mysqli zipEOFdocker build -t php-fpm:7.4 .docker imagessudo docker save -o /opt/images/php-fpm-7.4.28.tar php-fpm:7.4

sudo mkdir /opt/phpsudo chown docker /opt/phpcat > /opt/php/Dockfile << EOFFROM php:7.4.28-fpm-alpine3.15RUN set -x \        && echo "http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/alpine/latest-stable/main/" > /etc/apk/repositories \        && echo "http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/alpine/latest-stable/community/" >> /etc/apk/repositories \        && apk update \        && apk add --no-cache tzdata \        && cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime \        && echo "Asia/Shanghai" > /etc/timezone \        && apk del tzdata \        && apk add --no-cache graphviz zlib-dev libpng-dev libxml2-dev  zip libzip-dev \        && docker-php-ext-configure zip \         && docker-php-ext-install gd pdo_mysql soap mysqli zipEOFdocker build -t  php-fpm:7.4 .docker imagessudo docker save -o /opt/images/php-fpm-7.4.28.tar php-fpm:7.4

2.2.配置 LNMP 環(huán)境

sudo mkdir /opt/lnmpsudo chown docker /opt/lnmpcat > /opt/lnmp/docker-compose.yml << EOFversion: "2.1"services: db: image: mariadb:10.5 container_name: mysql ports: - "3306:3306" environment: - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=password # Root password of MySQL -- must be changed - MYSQL_LOG_CONSOLE=true volumes: - /opt/lnmp/mysql-data:/var/lib/mysql # Volume of MySQL (directory for persistent storage) and mount point in container -- can be changed (not advised) networks: lnmp-net: ipv4_address: 172.18.0.3 nginx: image: nginx container_name: nginx ports: - "80:80" volumes: - /opt/lnmp/nginx/www:/usr/share/nginx/html - /opt/lnmp/nginx/conf:/etc/nginx/conf - /opt/lnmp/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d - /opt/lnmp/nginx/logs:/var/log/nginx networks: lnmp-net: ipv4_address: 172.18.0.2 php: image: php-fpm:7.4 container_name: php volumes: - /opt/lnmp/nginx/www:/www networks: lnmp-net: ipv4_address: 172.18.0.3 networks: ipam: config: - subnet: "172.18.0.0/24" EOFcat > /opt/lnmp/nginx/conf.d/php.conf << EOFserver { listen 80; server_name localhost; client_max_body_size 1000m; location / { root /usr/share/nginx/html; index index.html index.htm index.php; if ( !-f $request_filename ) { rewrite ^/login$ /login.php last; rewrite ^/register$ /register.php last; rewrite ^/search$ /search.php last; rewrite ^/discount/student$ /discount.php?u=d last; rewrite ^/discount/teacher$ /discount.php?u=t last; # rewrite ^/admin.php$ /404.html break; rewrite ^/(.)$ /index.php/$1 last; } } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root /usr/share/nginx/html; } location ~ \.php(.)$ { root /www; fastcgi_buffer_size 128k; fastcgi_buffers 4 256k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k; fastcgi_pass php:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(.)$; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /www$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info; include fastcgi_params; }}EOFcat > /opt/lnmp/nginx/www/index.php << EOF歡迎使用DNMP！";echo " 版本信息 ";echo " ";echo " PHP版本：", PHP_VERSION, " ";echo " Nginx版本：", $_SERVER["SERVER_SOFTWARE"], " ";echo " MySQL服務(wù)器版本：", getMysqlVersion(), " ";echo " Redis服務(wù)器版本：", getRedisVersion(), " ";echo " MongoDB服務(wù)器版本：", getMongoVersion(), " ";echo " ";echo " 已安裝擴(kuò)展 ";printExtensions();/* * * 獲取MySQL版本 * /function getMysqlVersion(){ if (extension_loaded("PDO_MYSQL")) { try { $dbh = new PDO("mysql:host=mysql;dbname=mysql", "root", "123456"); $sth = $dbh->query("SELECT VERSION() as version"); $info = $sth->fetch(); } catch (PDOException $e) { return $e->getMessage(); } return $info["version"]; } else { return "PDO_MYSQL 擴(kuò)展未安裝 ×"; }}/* * * 獲取Redis版本 * /function getRedisVersion(){ if (extension_loaded("redis")) { try { $redis = new Redis(); $redis->connect("redis", 6379); $info = $redis->info(); return $info["redis_version"]; } catch (Exception $e) { return $e->getMessage(); } } else { return "Redis 擴(kuò)展未安裝 ×"; }}/* * * 獲取MongoDB版本 * /function getMongoVersion(){ if (extension_loaded("mongodb")) { try { $manager = new MongoDB\Driver\Manager("mongodb://root:123456@mongodb:27017"); $command = new MongoDB\Driver\Command(array("serverStatus"=>true)); $cursor = $manager->executeCommand("admin", $command); return $cursor->toArray()[0]->version; } catch (Exception $e) { return $e->getMessage(); } } else { return "MongoDB 擴(kuò)展未安裝 ×"; }}/* * * 獲取已安裝擴(kuò)展列表 * */function printExtensions(){ echo " "; foreach (get_loaded_extensions() as $i => $name) { echo " ", $name, "=", phpversion($name), " "; } } echo " ";}EOFcd /opt/lnmpdocker-compose up

sudo mkdir /opt/lnmpsudo chown docker /opt/lnmpcat > /opt/lnmp/docker-compose.yml << EOFversion: "2.1"services:  db:    image: mariadb:10.5    container_name: mysql    ports:      - "3306:3306"    environment:      - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=password                   # Root password of MySQL -- must be changed      - MYSQL_LOG_CONSOLE=true    volumes:      - /opt/lnmp/mysql-data:/var/lib/mysql         # Volume of MySQL (directory for persistent storage) and mount point in container -- can be changed (not advised)    networks:      lnmp-net:        ipv4_address: 172.18.0.3  nginx:    image: nginx    container_name: nginx    ports:      - "80:80"    volumes:      - /opt/lnmp/nginx/www:/usr/share/nginx/html      - /opt/lnmp/nginx/conf:/etc/nginx/conf      - /opt/lnmp/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d      - /opt/lnmp/nginx/logs:/var/log/nginx    networks:       lnmp-net:        ipv4_address: 172.18.0.2   php:    image: php-fpm:7.4    container_name: php    volumes:      - /opt/lnmp/nginx/www:/www    networks:               lnmp-net:        ipv4_address: 172.18.0.3 networks:   ipam:     config:        - subnet: "172.18.0.0/24" EOFcat > /opt/lnmp/nginx/conf.d/php.conf << EOFserver {        listen  80;        server_name     localhost;    client_max_body_size 1000m;        location / {                root    /usr/share/nginx/html;                index   index.html index.htm index.php;                if ( !-f $request_filename  ) {                        rewrite ^/login$ /login.php last;                        rewrite ^/register$ /register.php last;                        rewrite ^/search$ /search.php last;                        rewrite ^/discount/student$ /discount.php?u=d last;                        rewrite ^/discount/teacher$ /discount.php?u=t last;                        # rewrite ^/admin.php$ /404.html break;                         rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php/$1 last;                }        }        error_page      500 502 503 504 /50x.html;        location = /50x.html {                root    /usr/share/nginx/html;        }        location ~ \.php(.*)$ {                root /www;                fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;                fastcgi_buffers 4 256k;                fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;                fastcgi_pass    php:9000;                fastcgi_index   index.php;                fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(.*)$;                fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_FILENAME /www$fastcgi_script_name;                fastcgi_param   PATH_INFO       $fastcgi_path_info;                include         fastcgi_params;        }}EOFcat > /opt/lnmp/nginx/www/index.php << EOF歡迎使用DNMP！";echo "版本信息
";echo "";echo "PHP版本：", PHP_VERSION, "
";echo "Nginx版本：", $_SERVER["SERVER_SOFTWARE"], "
";echo "MySQL服務(wù)器版本：", getMysqlVersion(), "
";echo "Redis服務(wù)器版本：", getRedisVersion(), "
";echo "MongoDB服務(wù)器版本：", getMongoVersion(), "
";echo "
";echo "已安裝擴(kuò)展
";printExtensions();/**        *  * 獲取MySQL版本        *   */function getMysqlVersion(){    if (extension_loaded("PDO_MYSQL")) {        try {            $dbh = new PDO("mysql:host=mysql;dbname=mysql", "root", "123456");            $sth = $dbh->query("SELECT VERSION() as version");            $info = $sth->fetch();          } catch (PDOException $e) {                return $e->getMessage();          }          return $info["version"];      } else {       return "PDO_MYSQL 擴(kuò)展未安裝 ×";  }}/**        *  * 獲取Redis版本        *   */function getRedisVersion(){    if (extension_loaded("redis")) {        try {            $redis = new Redis();            $redis->connect("redis", 6379);            $info = $redis->info();            return $info["redis_version"];          } catch (Exception $e) {               return $e->getMessage();        }     } else {      return "Redis 擴(kuò)展未安裝 ×";  }}/** *  * 獲取MongoDB版本 *   */function getMongoVersion(){    if (extension_loaded("mongodb")) {            try {                $manager = new MongoDB\Driver\Manager("mongodb://root:123456@mongodb:27017");                $command = new MongoDB\Driver\Command(array("serverStatus"=>true));                $cursor = $manager->executeCommand("admin", $command);                return $cursor->toArray()[0]->version;            } catch (Exception $e) {                return $e->getMessage();                }        } else {        return "MongoDB 擴(kuò)展未安裝 ×";    }}/** *  * 獲取已安裝擴(kuò)展列表 *   */function printExtensions(){    echo "";    foreach (get_loaded_extensions() as $i => $name) {        echo "", $name, "=", phpversion($name), "
";    }    }    echo "
";}EOFcd /opt/lnmpdocker-compose up

2.3.安裝擴(kuò)展

默認(rèn)php鏡像中提供的擴(kuò)展比較少，缺少諸如mysql、gd2等常用的擴(kuò)展，這樣我們就需要自己安裝并啟用擴(kuò)展。

首先進(jìn)入到php容器，用php -m命令查看本地有什么擴(kuò)展。

可以使用docker-php-ext-install命令來(lái)安裝擴(kuò)展。

docker-php-ext-install mysql

擴(kuò)展安裝好之后就可以在php.ini中啟用。我們從phpinfo中可以看到，容器環(huán)境下默認(rèn)的php.ini沒有啟用，可以從/usr/local/etc/php下將php.ini-development拷貝為php.ini。通過修改php.ini中配置，啟用自己需要的擴(kuò)展。

下面是幾個(gè)擴(kuò)展安裝的命令，供參考。

docker-php-ext-source 在容器中創(chuàng)建一個(gè)/usr/src/php目錄docker-php-ext-enable啟用PHP擴(kuò)展，省去我們手工編輯php.ini的過程docker-php-ext-install安裝并啟用PHP擴(kuò)展docker-php-ext-configure經(jīng)常與docker-php-ext-install搭配，在需要自定義擴(kuò)展的配置時(shí)使用

2.4.單獨(dú)運(yùn)行命令行

如果僅需要在命令行下運(yùn)行 php 命令，可以使用如下方式

# 將當(dāng)前目錄掛載到 /tmp 目錄，執(zhí)行 php 命令，結(jié)束后退出

docker run -it --rm -v $PWD:/tmp -w /tmp php-fpm:7.4 php test.php

3.備份和恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

docker exec -it seafile-mysql mysqldump -uroot --opt ccnet_db > ccnet_db.sqldocker exec -it seafile-mysql mysqldump -uroot --opt seafile_db > seafile_db.sqldocker exec -it seafile-mysql mysqldump -uroot --opt seahub_db > seahub_db.sqldocker cp /opt/seafile-backup/databases/ccnet_db.sql seafile-mysql:/tmp/ccnet_db.sqldocker cp /opt/seafile-backup/databases/seafile_db.sql seafile-mysql:/tmp/seafile_db.sqldocker cp /opt/seafile-backup/databases/seahub_db.sql seafile-mysql:/tmp/seahub_db.sqldocker exec -it seafile-mysql /bin/sh -c "mysql -uroot ccnet_db < /tmp/ccnet_db.sql"docker exec -it seafile-mysql /bin/sh -c "mysql -uroot seafile_db < /tmp/seafile_db.sql"docker exec -it seafile-mysql /bin/sh -c "mysql -uroot seahub_db < /tmp/seahub_db.sql"

docker exec -it seafile-mysql mysqldump  -uroot --opt ccnet_db > ccnet_db.sqldocker exec -it seafile-mysql mysqldump  -uroot --opt seafile_db > seafile_db.sqldocker exec -it seafile-mysql mysqldump  -uroot --opt seahub_db > seahub_db.sqldocker cp /opt/seafile-backup/databases/ccnet_db.sql seafile-mysql:/tmp/ccnet_db.sqldocker cp /opt/seafile-backup/databases/seafile_db.sql seafile-mysql:/tmp/seafile_db.sqldocker cp /opt/seafile-backup/databases/seahub_db.sql seafile-mysql:/tmp/seahub_db.sqldocker exec -it seafile-mysql /bin/sh -c "mysql -uroot ccnet_db < /tmp/ccnet_db.sql"docker exec -it seafile-mysql /bin/sh -c "mysql -uroot seafile_db < /tmp/seafile_db.sql"docker exec -it seafile-mysql /bin/sh -c "mysql -uroot seahub_db < /tmp/seahub_db.sql"